The Mars Radio Science Experiment (MaRS) will utilize the Mars Express orbiter radio subsystem to characterize dielectric properties of the surface, the martian gravity field, and the neutral and ionized atmosphere (by sounding at occultations). Signals are transmitted through the atmosphere and ionosphere just before occultation as the spacecraft passes behind Mars as seen from Earth. The phase and amplitude of the signals allow characterization of the atmospheric (via X-band) and ionospheric (via S-band) profiles. Radio waves reflected off Mars' and received at Earth will give information on the roughness and dielectric properties of the surface. And the change in frequency received at Earth ground stations due to Doppler shift as the spa... ...Show More
urn:nasa:pds:context:instrument:mrs.mex
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